All French towns of above a certain size, in any of the six corners of the country, have a Place de la République at their centre, and an Avenue Charles de Gaulle in its vicinity. Each of France’s départements is numbered alphabetically – that there are exactly 100 at present may be a coincidence, but there once was a plan to make them all perfectly rectangular (#159).
Two main trends have resulted from the rationalist vein coursing through France’s administrative politics since its revolution in 1789: towards homogeneity and centralization. The latter tendency, also called parisianism, obviously emanates from the republican capital so succulently portrayed in the previous post.
And yet, in some ways, France remains a very unhomogenised country. “These maps illustrate the perdurating cultural diversity of contemporary France, in spite of a long-time process of cultural unification,” writes Olivier, who sent in these maps from Tours (capital of département number 37, Indre-et-Loire).
Even though standard French has by now replaced most of France’s regional languages, that vanished linguistic diversity remains a good marker for cultural variation within France. The southern third of the republic was once the domain of a rival romance language, the so-called Langue d’Oc (or Occitan), so called after its word for ‘yes’ (oc). This area was (and is) more ‘mediterranean’ in outlook than the northern rest of France, where the Langue d’Ouil (i.e. French, or its dialects) was spoken.
To this binary view should be added the other, non-romance language areas of France, in the north (Flemish), east (German), south (Basque) and west (Breton). Plus a small Catalanophone area around Perpignan.
Each of these five maps, taken from the 1997 edition of Géographie Première, a schoolbook by Rémy Knafou, slices up metropolitan France in surprising ways, but also every time reflecting, in some way, the divisions described above.
Map [1] compares the household money spent on butter and oil; with most money spent on butter in the north and east (blue) and most spent on oil in the south (light orange).
Map [2] shows between 90 and 100 litres of beer per inhabitant imbibed in the north and east, with less than half of that in most of the country, but especially in the south. See the entry on Europe’s alcohol belts (#442) for a similar take on regional differences in alcohol consumption.
Map [3] reveals how many members pétanque clubs have per thousand inhabitants. The game was conceived in the Provence, and its name derives from the Occitan pès tancats, meaning ‘anchored feet’. In keeping with its southern origin, it is 10 times more popular in the Occitan swathe across the south of France than in the north, northeast and northwest.
Map [5] charts the dominant roof type throughout much of the south (and, surprisingly, in the northeast): flat, with roman (hollow) tiles.
Map [7] details the popularity of bicycle clubs. The sport of the Tour de France is most popular in Brittany, but also adjacent areas inland (darkest red), and quite popular throughout most of central and northern France (orangey red). The areas least likely to cycle are scattered throughout the north, northeast, east, southeast, and south.
Many thanks to Oliver for sending in these maps.
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